GUNUNG KAWI ANCIENT TEMPLE
Location
Gunung Kawi is located around 3 kms before the town of Tampak Siring, around 5 km from well
known Tirta Empul Temple 35 kms from Denpasar, 50
km from Kuta, and 68 km from Nusa Dua. The site of Gunung Kawi is acessible
only by foot from the parking area, passing more then 100 steps down and up the river.
It is just after the village
of Pejeng, a village full with ancient remains of ancient stone sculptures,
and even the oldest historical fact on Buddhism is found also around this
village.
Historical Monument
Two complexes at the east slope of the river and 3 complexes are on the
west slope. Two complexes facing each other separated by the river are identified
as belong to the king and his Queen or concubines. The complex for the king
consist of 3 rock cut candis and the complex for the Queen consist of 4
rock cut candis. It is hard to understand that only the candi for the king
made in 3. It might be the king was with his 2 principal consorts, and the
4 candis across the river were only for his other concubines. At the door
of the candi for the king is mentioned in a inscription of the king died
at Jalu. Jalu can mean kris or taji, a sharp small blade armed for the cock
fighting. Who was the king monumentalized here? is un-answered question
until now, except based on highly decorative writing of inscription called
"Quadrangular Kadiri writing style" The influence of Kadiri kingdom
to Bali was only arrived around 1227 AD under the king Kertanegara. While
the date carved at the stone sculpture on Mount Panulisan with the same
style mentioned the dates 1011 AD, 1074 AD, and 1077 AD. While the period
between 989 AD to 1001 AD was the rule of king Udayana Warmadewa with his
Queen Mahendradatta. In their charters it is mentioned that king Udayana
was deified at "Banyu Wka", and his Queen Mahendradatta was deified
at Buruan which is already identified, and only Banyu Wka is not identifiable
until today, and archaeologists supposed that Banyu Wka is Gunung Kawi,
as Banyu means water, and Wka means clear or clean, so he must have been
deified at a river with very clean water, yet an ancient monument just renovated
is Pura Mangening which also refers the name of ening or clear. The problem
is the complex of the temple is not big, only one stone shrines with small
zone. If we compared with his Queen monument in Buruan it makes sense that
the king would not need big complex to commemorate himself. So who was monumentalized
at Gunung Kawi? Some archaeologists believed that was the son of Udayana,
either king Marakata Pangkajasthana or Anak Wungsu. The rule of Marakata
is not known much and there is not many record about his government. Different
from Anak Wungsu who issued many inscriptions and he was a diligent king
in making every records which lead an idea that he was a great king just
like his father king Udayana. With the length of time of ruling that was
from 1049 AD to 1077 AD can be a proof that during his rule the condition
of the society was good, and it was not impossible he was respected by their
whole people. As the fact of many great king in Indonesia that commemoration
with candi or sculpture was a normal way the people to honor their king
who was able to bring the welfare for the society. In this case writer wish
to believe that Gunung Kawi has been dedicated for the great name of king
Anak Wungsu.
|
The beauty of Bali Island has long been known world wide. It is
true that the beauty appears from her various living art,
yet also her natural views such as tropical white beaches,
mountains, lakes and man made natural view such as rice terraces
carved on the sloping land for the use of rice cultivation.
The combination among various cultural aspects and natural
beauty of Bali will give a different experience for everyone visiting
the island beside the hospitability of her people. Dances,
carvings, paintings, music are on the top of Bali's interesting
aspects for people visiting the island. Visit interesing
places. |
